| United States Army General Douglas MacArthur (January 26, 1880 – April 5, 1964), Supreme Commander, Allied Powers (SCAP), reading his speech to open the surrender ceremonies, on board USS Missouri (BB-63). The representatives of the Allied Powers are behind him, including from left to right, Royal Navy Admiral Sir Bruce A. Fraser (February 5, 1888 – February 12, 1981) for the United Kingdom; Red Army Lieutenant General Kuzma Derevyanko (November 14, 1904 – December 30, 1954) for the Soviet Union; General Royal Australian Army General Sir Thomas Blamey (January 24, 1884 – May 27, 1951) for Australia; Royal Canadian Army Colonel Lawrence Moore Cosgrave (August 28, 1890 – July 28, 1971) for Canada; French Army General Jacques Le Clerc (November 22, 1902 – November 28, 1947) for France; Royal Dutch Navy Admiral Conrad E. L. Helfrich (October 11, 1886 – September 20, 1962) for the Netherlands and Air Vice Marshall Leonard M. Isitt (July 27, 1891 – January 21, 1976) for New Zealand. Lieutenant General Richard K. Sutherland, U.S. Army, is just to the right of Air Vice Marshall Isitt. Off camera, to left, are Kuomintang General Xu Yongchang (December 15, 1885 – July 12, 1959) for China, and United States Admiral Chester W. Nimitz (February 24, 1885 – February 20, 1966), who signed for the United States. Framed flag in upper left is that flown by Commodore Matthew C. Perry’s (April 10, 1794 – March 4, 1858) flagship when she entered Tokyo Bay in 1853. MacArthur began to read a short address: “It is my earnest hope and indeed the hope of all mankind that from this solemn occasion a better world shall emerge out of the blood and carnage of the past — a world founded upon faith and understanding — a world dedicated to the dignity of man and the fulfillment of his most cherished wish – for freedom, tolerance and justice.” The speech was quickly over. MacArthur then invited the Japanese delegates to sign the Instrument of Surrender, which incorporated the provisions of the Potsdam Declaration and stated that the authority of the Emperor and the Japanese Government to rule the state shall be subject to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, who will take such steps as he deems proper to effectuate the terms of the surrender. Shigemitsu 1st signed the documents before him, assisted by Kose, and then Imperial Japanese Army General Yoshijirō Umezu (January 4, 1882 – January 8, 1949) as Chief of the General Staff. MacArthur sat down to sign, followed by representatives of the United States, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, Australia, Canada, France, the Netherlands, and New Zealand. Admiral Chester Nimitz signed for the United States, and Admiral Bruce Fraser for the United Kingdom. The simple ceremony ended with MacArthur’s words, “Let us pray that peace be now restored to the world and that God will preserve it always. These proceedings are now closed.” Then came a massive fly-past of American air power as some 400 United States Army Air Force Boeing B-29s Superfortresses and 1,500 United States Navy carrier aircraft from the 3rd Fleet flew over the Missouri and Tokyo. The Pacific War, and with it World War II, was formally over. The Japanese delegation, now saluted by Allied officers as they left the Missouri, returned to Yokohama and Tokyo. On the way back, the Foreign Office official Toshikazu Kase quickly wrote an account of the surrender ceremony, which took a favorable view of MacArthur’s words and bearing. Kase considered that it was “a piece of rare good fortune” that a man of such “caliber and character” should have been designated Supreme Commander. Kase also raised the question — in view of Japan’s notorious arrogance in victory – “whether it would have been possible for us, had we been victorious, to embrace the vanquished with a similar magnanimity. Clearly, it would have been different…After all, we were not beaten on the battlefield by dint of superior arms. We were defeated in the spiritual contest by virtue of a nobler ideal. The real issue was moral – beyond all the powers of algebra to compute.” This report was then taken by Shigemitsu to the Emperor upon the delegation’s return to Tokyo. Following the surrender ceremony, MacArthur spoke by radio to the American people: “Today the guns are silent. A great tragedy has ended. A great victory has been won…The holy mission has been completed.” Despite the presence of a Russian general on USS Missouri, who signed the Instrument of Surrender on behalf of the Soviet Union, the ceremonies were essentially Japan’s capitulation to the Western Allies and China. That evening, local time, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin (December 18, 1878 – March 5, 1973) delivered his own victory address to the Soviet people from Moscow. The Soviet leader invoked memories of the Russian defeat of 1905 and frankly welcomed the turning of the tables against Japan; he emphasized the strategic value of the Soviet Union’s new conquests: “Our defeat in the war of 1904-5 with Japan left a bitter memory in our minds, for it stained our name. Convinced that some day Japan would be beaten and this stain removed, we have been waiting for that day. For forty years, we Russians of the older generation have been waiting for it. Now that day has come…Today, Japan has admitted defeat and signed an instrument of Unconditional Surrender. This means that South Sakhalin and the Kurile Islands have been transferred to the Soviet Union and will henceforth serve not as a means for isolating our country from the ocean or as a base for Japanese aggression in the Far Eastern area but as a means for linking the Soviet Union with the ocean and as a base for our defence against Japanese aggression.” Stalin’s address, like the Soviet demand for a Japanese occupation zone, presaged a forthcoming confrontation between the former Allies in the region. But for the present, it was enough to rejoice with MacArthur: a great victory had indeed been won. | |
| Image Filename | wwii1579.jpg |
| Image Size | 2.69 MB |
| Image Dimensions | 4541 x 5743 |
| Photographer | |
| Photographer Title | United States Army Signal Corps |
| Caption Author | Written or Adapted by Jason McDonald |
| Date Photographed | September 2, 1945 |
| Location | |
| City | Tokyo Bay |
| State or Province | Tokyo |
| Country | Japan |
| Archive | Naval History and Heritage Command |
| Record Number | USA C-2717 |
| Status | Caption ©2026 MFA Productions LLC Please Do Not Duplicate or Distribute Without Permission; Image in the Public Domain |
Author of the World War II Multimedia Database